Comparison of the effects of probiotic-based formulations on growth, feed utilization, blood constituents, cecal fermentation, and duodenal morphology of rabbits reared under hot environmental conditions

Abstract The present study aimed to assess the effects of three probiotic-supplemented diets on growth, cecal fermentation, blood biochemical, and intestinal morphological features in growing rabbits reared under summer conditions. Rabbits were allotted into four groups: G1 fed basal diet (control), G2 received Enterococcus faecium (EF) Clostridium butyricum (CB) complexes (1 × 10 8 2.5 6 cfu/kg diet, respectively), G3 given CB (2.5 diet) yeast g/kg diet), G4 EF (2 diet). exhibited highest performances terms enhanced body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio feed conversion (P<0.05). Serum total protein, globulin, immunoglobulin M, high-density lipoprotein concentrations higher probiotic-fed than those controls. Additionally, lipid profile parameters significantly reduced rabbits, with lowest measured had volatile fatty acid (VFA) propionic levels ammonia concentrations. Increased villi length muscular layer thickness crypt depth observed receiving compared values obtained controls In summary, supplementing fattening rabbit CB, as a novel formulation, might be promising easy method enhance growth performance hot climate conditions by improving utilization, immune response, serum profile, VFA production, duodenal morphology.